Java was originally developed by Sun Microsystems (initiated by James Gosling) and released in 1995. Over time it grew into multiple platforms — Java SE, Java EE for enterprise applications and Java ME for mobile — and is known for being "Write Once, Run Anywhere".
Why Java
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Object-Oriented: In Java, everything is an object, so it is easy to extend.
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Platform Independent: Java compiles to platform-independent byte code that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) on any platform.
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Simple: Designed to be easy to learn once you understand the basic concepts of OOP.
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Secure: Enables the development of virus-free, tamper-free systems; authentication is based on public-key encryption.
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Architecture-neutral & Portable: The compiler produces an architecture-neutral object format that runs on many processors.
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Robust: Emphasises compile-time error checking and runtime checking to eliminate error-prone situations.
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Multithreaded: Programs can perform many tasks simultaneously, keeping applications smooth and interactive.
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High Performance: Just-in-time compilers give Java high performance.
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Distributed & Dynamic: Designed for the distributed environment of the internet and to adapt to an evolving environment.